Stannous chloride dihydrate
Stannous chloride, dihydrate
CAS: 10025-69-1
Molecular Formula: Cl2H4O2Sn
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Names and Identifiers
| Name | Stannous chloride, dihydrate |
| Synonyms | Tinchloridedihydrate Tin(Ⅱ)chloride dihydrate stannic chloride dihydrate Tin (II) chloride hydrated Stannous chloride dihydrate dichloro-lambda~2~-stannane Stannous chloride, dihydrate Tin(II) chloride dihydrate, p.a. dichloro-lambda~2~-stannane dihydrate Tin(II) chloride dihydrate, For analysis ACS Stannous Chloride, Dihydrate, For ACS analysis Tin(Ii) Chloride Dihydrate, Reag. Ph. Eur. reag. ISO TIN(II) CHLORIDE DIHYDRATE FOR ANALYSIS EMSURE ACS,ISO,REAG. PH EUR |
| CAS | 10025-69-1 |
| EINECS | 600-045-1 |
| InChI | InChI=1/ClH.2H2O.Sn/h1H;2*1H2;/q;;;+4/p-1 |
| InChIKey | AXZWODMDQAVCJE-UHFFFAOYSA-L |
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Physico-chemical Properties
| Molecular Formula | Cl2H4O2Sn |
| Molar Mass | 225.65 |
| Density | 2.71 |
| Melting Point | 37-38°C (dec.)(lit.) |
| Boling Point | 652°C(lit.) |
| Water Solubility | 1187 g/L (20 ºC) |
| Solubility | hydrochloric acid: passes test |
| Appearance | Transparent odorless solid |
| Specific Gravity | 2.71 |
| Color | White or colorless |
| Exposure Limit | ACGIH: TWA 2 mg/m3NIOSH: IDLH 100 mg/m3; TWA 2 mg/m3 |
| Merck | 14,8783 |
| PH | 1-2 (100g/l, H2O, 20℃) |
| Storage Condition | Store at +15°C to +25°C. |
| Stability | Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, alkali metals, ammonia, alcohols, alkalies, nitrates, boron trifluoride, boron trichloride, carbides. |
| Sensitive | Air Sensitive |
| MDL | MFCD00149863 |
| Physical and Chemical Properties | Characteristics of colorless or white monoclinic crystals. melting point 37.7 ℃ relative density 2.710 soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid. |
| Use | For dyes, spices, mirror, electroplating and other industries, and used as ultra-high pressure lubricants, bleaching agents |
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Risk and Safety
| Risk Codes | R22 - Harmful if swallowed R34 - Causes burns R68 - Possible risk of irreversible effects R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment. R48/22 - Harmful danger of serious damage to health by prolonged exposure if swallowed. R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact R20 - Harmful by inhalation R63 - Possible risk of harm to the unborn child |
| Safety Description | S26 - In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S36/37/39 - Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S45 - In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S61 - Avoid release to the environment. Refer to special instructions / safety data sheets. S60 - This material and its container must be disposed of as hazardous waste. |
| UN IDs | UN 3260 8/PG 3 |
| WGK Germany | 1 |
| RTECS | XP8850000 |
| TSCA | Yes |
| HS Code | 28273910 |
| Hazard Class | 8 |
| Packing Group | II |
| Toxicity | LD50 orally in Rabbit: 700 mg/kg |
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Upstream Downstream Industry
| Raw Materials | Chlorine Tin Hydrochloric acid |
| Downstream Products | Tin (II) Sulfate Tin(II) bis(2-ethylhexanoate) Tin(II) chloride |
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Reference
| Reference Show more | 1. Fu, Yamin, et al. "Graphene blended with SnO2 and Pd-Pt nanocages for sensitive non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of H2O2 released from living cells." Analytica chimica acta 1014 (2018): 10-18.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2018.01.067 2. Fu, Yamin, et al. "Facile synthesized SnO2 decorated functionalized graphene modified electrode for sensitive determination of daidzein." Talanta 168 (2017): 1-9.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.006 3. [IF=6.057] Yamin Fu et al."Facile synthesized SnO2 decorated functionalized graphene modified electrode for sensitive determination of daidzein."Talanta. 2017 Jun;168:1 |
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Nature
Open Data Verified Data
white or colorless crystals. Odorless or slightly odorous with hydrochloric acid. There are two kinds of water and two water. The relative density of d5 3.95, the melting point of 246.8 deg C; Boiling point of 652 deg C. Very soluble in water, neutral aqueous solution is easy to hydrolysis to produce precipitation, acidic solution has strong reducibility. The reaction with the alkali generates water and oxide precipitation, and the excess of alkali generates dissolved stannous salt. Soluble in ethanol and glacial acetic acid. Very soluble in dilute hydrochloric acid. Oxygen can be absorbed from the air to form insoluble chlorine oxides.
Last Update：2024-01-02 23:10:35
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Preparation Method
Open Data Verified Data
tin was dissolved in hydrochloric acid.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:03:59
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Introduction
Decompose in water to form insoluble basic salt, dissolve in dilute hydrochloric acid solution, and gradually oxidize in air. Adding metal tin to the solution can prevent oxidation. It can also be soluble in ethanol, ethyl acetate, glacial acetic acid and sodium hydroxide solution.
Last Update：2022-10-16 17:11:20
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Use
Open Data Verified Data
used as reducing agent and antioxidant. FDA(& sect;184. 1845.2000), can be a variety of food, the amount of 0.0015% (in Sn).
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:03:59
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Safety
Open Data Verified Data
rat oral LDso:700mg/kg. ADI O ~ 2 mg/kg(FAO/WHO, 2001).GRAS(FDA, & sect;184. 1845.2000). Irritant to the skin, stannous chloride solution and skin contact can cause eczema. The maximum allowable concentration of inorganic compounds of tin is 2mg/m3 (in terms of metallic tin). Production personnel should wear work clothes, wear protective masks and gloves and other labor protection articles, pay attention to the protection of respiratory organs, protect the skin, production equipment should be closed, the workshop is well ventilated.
Last Update：2022-01-01 09:04:00
Stannous chloride dihydrate - Reference Information
| Stannous chloride | Stannous chloride, chemical formula SnCl2, also known as tin dichloride. There are anhydrous substances and hydrates. The former is transparent crystal with a melting point of 246 ℃, a boiling point of 652 ℃, and a relative density of 3.95. It is soluble in water and oxidized in air to form insoluble chlorine oxide. Hydrolyzed in water to generate basic stannous chloride [Sn(OH)Cl] precipitate. When preparing its solution, it needs to be dissolved in concentrated hydrochloric acid and then diluted to inhibit hydrolysis. Because it is easy to be oxidized by air, adding metal in the solution Tin particles can prevent oxidation. Dihydrate SnCl2 · 2H2O is a colorless monoclinic crystal or flake crystal with a melting point of 37.7 ℃ and a relative density of 2.71. When heated to 100 ℃, it loses crystal water. Stannous chloride is commonly used as reducing agent, mordant, decolorant and analytical reagent in chemical industry production; it is used for tin plating in electroplating industry. Anhydrous stannous chloride is obtained by the direct reaction of chlorine and molten tin; hydrated stannous chloride can be prepared by treating flaky tin with hydrochloric acid, then evaporating and crystallizing. |
| solubility in water (g/100ml) | dissolution grams per 100ml of water: 84g/0 ℃ |
| identification test | 5% sample solution is prepared with dilute hydrochloric acid test solution (TS-117), and mercury chloride test solution (TS-138) is added dropwise to produce white or off-white precipitate. The chloride test (IT-12) of 5% sample solution was positive. |
| content analysis | accurately weigh about 2g of the sample, weigh it into a 250ml volumetric flask, add 15ml hydrochloric acid to dissolve, fix the volume with water, and mix well. Take 50.0ml of this solution and place it in a 500ml flask, add 5g of potassium sodium tartrate and mix well. After the cold saturated solution of sodium bicarbonate is adjusted to alkaline (with litmus paper), titrate with 0.1mol/L iodine solution and starch test solution (TS-235) as indicator. 0.1mol/L iodine solution per mLL corresponds to 9.48mg of stannous chloride (SnCl2) or 11.28mg of stannous chloride dihydrate (SnC12?2H2O). |
| toxicity | ADI 0~2 mg/kg(FAO/WHO,2001). It is irritating to the skin. Toxic, the allowable content in the air is 2 mg/m. (in Sn). GRAS(FDA,§ 184.1845,2000). LD50 700mg/kg (rat, oral). during the production process, it is necessary to prevent the inhalation of tin dust to avoid chronic bronchitis. contact with stannous chloride solution and skin can cause eczema. The maximum allowable concentration in the United States stipulates that the inorganic compound of tin is 2 mg/m3 (based on metallic tin). Production personnel should wear work clothes, anti-virus masks, gloves and other labor protection supplies, pay attention to protect the respiratory organs, protect the skin, production equipment should be closed, the workshop ventilation is good. |
| usage limit | FAI/wHO(1984,mg/kg): canned asparagus 25 (only for glass bottles or paint cans of asparagus, calculated by Sn); Pineapple juice 8 (for rehydration juice, juice made from frozen thick juice). FDA,§ 172.180(2000): Color protection for canned asparagus, 20 mg/kg (in Sn). FDA,§ 184.1845(2000): Various foods, 0.0015% (in Sn). |
| chemical properties | colorless or white monoclinic crystal. Soluble in alcohol, ether, acetone, glacial acetic acid. |
| use | used as reducing agent, mordant, decolorant, tin plating in electroplating industry used for colorimetric determination of silver, lead, arsenic, molybdenum, etc., also used as reducing agent, mordant this product is mainly used for acid tin plating, as the main salt. Tin is in a divalent state in the plating solution with high cathode efficiency, and the general dosage is 40~60 kg/L. It can also be used in the glass mirror industry as a sensitizer for plating silver nitrate, so that the coating brightness is good, and the coating is not easy to fall off when adding this product during ABS plating. A reducing agent used to make dye intermediates. Components of ultra-high pressure lubricating oil. Used as a bleach. Used for the sensitization treatment of mercury plating in the mirror, the formed silver film has good brightness, so that the mercury and the product are firmly combined. Electroplating industry is used for tin plating and copper tin plating of mechanical parts. Used for sensitization treatment during ABS plastic electroplating, so that the coating is not easy to fall off. It is also used as a catalyst for the synthesis of pharmaceuticals, organic synthesis, and an activator for vulcanization of butyl rubber products. Mordant during dyeing and anti-dyeing agent in printing and extraction process. Stabilizers for the spice industry. Food reducing agent, antioxidant, such as for canned asparagus, pineapple juice. Used as analytical reagent and reducing agent. Reducing agent for the production of dye intermediates; electroplating; mirror silver plating and plastic plate plating as a gloss agent; perfume stabilizer, bleaching agent, stable soap aroma; oil anti-fouling agent; raw material for organic synthesis; pesticide herbicide oxalone (Nongsi it) raw material, etc. Strong reducing agent, used for hydride determination by AAS, colorimetric determination of silver, lead, arsenic, molybdenum, determination of inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase activity in serum, molybdenum blue method to determine the phosphorus content of soil and plants, organic reaction catalyst. Colorimetric determination of silver, lead, arsenic and molybdenum; Determination of inorganic phosphorus and alkaline phosphoesterase activity in serum; Molybdenum blue method to determine the phosphorus content of soil and plants; Strong reducing agent, carbonyl allylation reaction; Lewis acid catalyst in C- C bonding reaction; The catalyst interacting with AgClO4 is used to synthesize α-glycosides, such as olefins, diolefins, cis-vinylethylene oxide and allyl selenide, etc., and 1, deoxygenation of 4-endoperoxide; protection of carboxylic acid in the presence of 1, 3-dithiane, selective methoxybenzyl ether scavenging reagent, additives in hydroaldehyde and carbonylation reaction |
| production method | is obtained by dissolving tin in hydrochloric acid. The hydrochloric acid method first melts the metal tin, then splashed with cold water to stir into tin flowers. Hydrochloric acid and tin flower are added to the reactor according to a certain ratio for reaction, and when the concentration of the solution reaches about 40 ° Bé, they are put into the enamel evaporator for concentration. First, add tin flower to the evaporator, introduce steam to heat, so that hydrochloric acid and tin continue to react. When the concentration of the solution increases to 73~77 ° Bé, filter while hot, then cool and crystallize, centrifuge and separate to obtain stannous chloride Finished product. Its Sn + 2HCl → SnC12 + H2 ↑ 550 kg tin flower and 1,200kg concentrated hydrochloric acid are sequentially added into the reaction pot, heated and heated, and after a period of reaction, when the concentration of the solution reaches about 40 ° Bé, it is pumped into the high-level tank with vacuum and put into an enamel evaporator for concentration. And add a certain amount of tin flowers to the evaporator to make it continue to react with the acid. When the concentration is 73~75 ° Bé, filter, cool, crystallize, centrifuge, dry, and crush the finished product. The reaction formula is: |
| EPA chemical information | information provided by: ofmpub.epa.gov (external link) |
Last Update：2024-04-09 19:05:03
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Raw Materials for Stannous chloride dihydrate
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